OSP Journal of Nuclear Science

All nuclei of elements consist of successive chain of nuclei of helium. Stability of nuclei of helium is provided by an exchange by mesons between nucleons. Division of uranium 235U takes place in a chain where value of energy of separation of nucleus of helium 4He close to the zero.

Successive chain of nuclei of helium or isotopes of nuclei of helium stability is provided by cooperation of nuclides.

If one asks the UK National Physical Laboratory how they define a metre, they will either explain how they actually measure distance by counting laser light wave lengths of known frequency or perhaps they would actually explain that a metre is known to be 3.335 640 952 nanoseconds of light flight time in vacuum and that the laser method is the best way to measure such an absurdly short time interval to the nearest 5-atto-seconds.

They have my sympathy. I used to work for my own company as my own electronics design engineer and I once measured the length of a coaxial cable using my own very posh dual beam oscilloscope. I could only get my measurement right to the nearest 5 picoseconds. That would be about one million times too crude for any serious NPL work.

The aim of this paper is to explain the historical inconsistencies that arise from the lack of definition of the wave function in Edwin Schrödinger’s wave equations that concomitantly give rise to uncertainty as to whether or not the quantum superposition state has random or deterministic properties. A redefinition of the wave function is given that is in coherence with quantum research into the double slit experiment. This new definition includes its deterministic character and expounds the specific parameters that constitute the eight hidden variables held within the dual space that is the quantum superposition state.

After the severe accident happened at NPP Fukushima 1, the problem of increasing population radiophobia arose again. And that is hampering the process of development of nuclear power, which will play a great role in future and eliminate the release of carbon. One of the ways to rehabilitate the population confidence to the nuclear power is construction of reactors with high level of inherent self-protection and passive safety such as fast reactors with heavy liquid metal coolants. In the closed nuclear fuel cycle those reactors will operate in a mode of fuel self-providing without consumption of natural uranium. In those reactors there is no compression potential energy accumulated in coolant and chemical energy, which in case of the certain unlikely combination of initial events are able to cause radioactivity release requiring population evacuation. Such type reactors can be used both for construction of NPPs with large unit capacity power-units operating in a mode of base load, and for construction of nuclear power plants with small power modular reactors. Those nuclear power plants could be used for generation of electricity and heat, could be located near cities and replace coal electric plants. Due to absence of the large number of safety systems required in traditional type reactors and caused by natural properties of used coolants, the NPPs with such reactors can be more competitive. However, there must be the certain stage of their mastering.

For the first time, using a neutrino telescope and ANRI effect in the study of solar activity, a low class solar flare was recorded. Given the high theoretical and applied interest in nature and the manifestation of solar flares, we note that the neutrino telescope expands the capabilities of the researcher: the existence of the neutrino component of the solar flare is shown.

Due to the nature of its technology, nuclear power is subject to strict regulations and intense pressures over operational safety. Additionally, nuclear new build projects are increasingly facing a unique set of challenges including high commercial risk, deployment uncertainty, and cost and schedule overruns. In the West, technological innovation activities over the past three decades have struggled to overcome these challenges.

The nuclear industry is not alone; similar features characterised the space sector, but since 2008 it has been showing an increase in commercial activities. A comparative study with the U.S. space industry was conducted to analyse the innovation process that has evolved within the industry, since its long period of stagnation and constraint following the Challenger Accident in 1986. The study confirmed the need to drive institutional and organisational change within highly regulated industries to support technological innovation efforts within private-led initiatives.

This research focuses on the role of ancillary technologies and suggests that they are under-utilised in nuclear new build projects. An institutional change strategy is proposed to facilitate their adoption for faster, better, cheaper nuclear new build in the UK.  Parallel studies in the U.S. nuclear industry explored the case studies featured in this paper to drive innovation efforts in advanced nuclear technologies.

The variants of the implementation of the principle of least action in relativistic mechanics are analyzed. It is shown that the relativistic integral of the action has no extremes. The value of the integral is constant and depends only on the limits of integration. It is shown that the principle of least action cannot be implemented in the Minkowsky space due to the dependence of ds on dx_i. An inaccuracy made by A. Einstein in explaining mental experiments is described. “Compression scales” and “time dilation”, apparently, do not exist. To search for equations of motion, it is necessary to back to the classical principle of least action.

According to Dynamic Universe Model, our Universe is a Rotating Universe. In this model, electrons rotate about nucleus; Moons rotate about planets; Planets, asteroid and comets etc., rotate about stars; stars rotate about Galaxy center; Galaxies rotate about common center of local systems; and similarly Systems rotate in Ensembles, Aggregate, Conglomerations and Galaxy Clusters and so on and so forth. Galaxies coming near are Blue shifted and going away are red shifted. There are many blue shifted Galaxies in our universe. Here in this paper we will see different simulations to make such predictions from the output pictures formed from the Dynamic Universe model. There are some old and a few new simulations where different point masses are placed in different distances in a 3D Cartesian coordinate grid; and are allowed to move on universal gravitation force (UGF) acting on each mass at that instant of time at its position.  The output pictures depict the three dimensional orbit formations of point masses after some iterations.   In an orbit so formed, some Galaxies are coming near (Blue shifted) and some are going away (Red shifted). In this paper the simulations predicted the existence of a large number of Blue shifted Galaxies, in an expanding universe, in 2004 itself. Over 8,300 blue shifted galaxies have been discovered extending beyond the Local Group, was confirmed by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations in the year 2009. Thus Dynamic Universe model predictions came true.

The problem of proper quantum theory of the gravitational field, and thus understanding what is quantum spacetime, is still open and is discussed here.

So, we introduce here the term of CES to replace the erroneous term of “black hole”, since there can’t be a hole per se in the fabric of matter that exists in gaseous, liquid and solid states in spacetime continuum.

Accordingly, we attempt here to merge the loop quantum gravity (LQG) with quantum mechanics and general relativity, for per Einstein, gravity is not a force – it is a property of spacetime itself.

Hence, our CES loop quantum spring model (ill. 1) fits said property of spacetime and is based on our previously published unified theory and model  where we apply the string theory to loop quantum gravity by showing that a CES (formerly termed a “black hole”) is created by gravitational coupling of two linear superstrings in specified boundaries of open strings which are segments with endpoints, and closed strings which form closed loops. (Ill. 1)